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John R. "Johnny" Cash (February 26, 1932 – September 12, 2003), was an American singer-songwriter, actor,[2] and author,[2] who has been called one of the most influential musicians of the 20th century.[3]
Although he is primarily remembered as a country music icon, his songs and sound spanned many other genres including rockabilly and rock and roll—especially early in his career—as well as blues, folk, and gospel.
This crossover appeal led to Cash being inducted in the Country Music Hall of Fame, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, and Gospel Music Hall of Fame.
Cash was known for his deep, distinctive bass-baritone voice;[a][5] for the "boom-chicka-boom" sound of his Tennessee Three backing band; for his rebelliousness,[6][7] coupled with an increasingly somber and humble demeanor;[4] for providing free concerts inside prison walls;[8][9][page needed] and for his dark performance clothing, which earned him the nickname "The Man in Black".[b]
He traditionally started his concerts by saying "Hello, I'm Johnny Cash."[c][12] and usually following it up with his standard "Folsom Prison Blues".
An abundance of Cash's music, especially that of his later career, echoed themes of sorrow, moral tribulation and redemption.[4][13]
His signature songs include "I Walk the Line", "Folsom Prison Blues", "Ring of Fire", "Get Rhythm" and "Man in Black".
He also recorded humorous numbers, including "One Piece at a Time" and "A Boy Named Sue"; a duet with his future wife, June Carter, called "Jackson"; as well as railroad songs including "Hey, Porter" and "Rock Island Line".[14]
Late in his career, Cash covered songs by several rock artists, most notably "Hurt" by Nine Inch Nails.
| Johnny Cash | |
|---|---|
 Cash in 1969. |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | JR Cash |
| Born | February 26, 1932 Kingsland, Arkansas, United States |
| Died | September 12, 2003 (aged 71) Nashville, Tennessee, United States |
| Genres | Country, rock and roll, gospel |
| Occupations | Singer-songwriter, musician, actor |
| Instruments | Vocals, guitar |
| Years active | 1955–2003 |
| Labels | Sun, Columbia, Mercury, American, House of Cash, Legacy Recordings |
| Associated acts | The Tennessee Three, The Highwaymen, June Carter Cash, The Statler Brothers, The Carter Family, Area Code 615, Roy Orbison, Jerry Lee Lewis, Carl Perkins, Bob Dylan |
| Website | johnnycash.com |
| Notable instruments | |
| Martin Acoustic Guitars[1] | |
Early life
Johnny Cash was born in Kingsland, Arkansas,[15] the fourth of seven children to Ray Cash (May 13, 1897, Kingsland, Arkansas – December 23, 1985, Hendersonville, Tennessee)[16] and Carrie Cloveree (née Rivers; March 13, 1904, Rison, Arkansas – March 11, 1991, Hendersonville, Tennessee).[17][18]Cash was named J. R. Cash because his parents couldn't think of a name.
When Cash enlisted in the Air Force, they wouldn't let him use initials as his name, so he started to use the legal name John R. Cash. In 1955, when signing with Sun Records, he took Johnny Cash as his stage name.[19]
The Cash children were: Roy, Margaret Louise, Jack, J. R., Reba, Joanne and Tommy.[20][21] His younger brother, Tommy Cash, also became a successful country artist.
In March 1935, when Cash was three years old, the family settled in Dyess, Arkansas. He started working in cotton fields at age five, singing along with his family simultaneously while working.
The family farm was flooded on at least two occasions, which later inspired him to write the song "Five Feet High and Rising".[22][page needed]
His family's economic and personal struggles during the Great Depression inspired many of his songs, especially those about other people facing similar difficulties.
Cash was very close to his older brother, Jack.[23]
In May 1944, Jack was pulled into a whirling head saw in the mill where he worked and was almost cut in two. He suffered for over a week before he died on May 20, 1944, at age 15.[22][page needed]
Cash often spoke of the horrible guilt he felt over this incident. According to Cash: The Autobiography, his father was away that morning, but he and his mother, and Jack himself, all had premonitions or a sense of foreboding about that day, causing his mother to urge Jack to skip work and go fishing with his brother. ]
Jack insisted on working, as the family needed the money.
On his deathbed, Jack said he had visions of heaven and angels.
Decades later, Cash spoke of looking forward to meeting his brother in heaven.
Cash's early memories were dominated by gospel music and radio. Taught by his mother and a childhood friend, Cash began playing guitar and writing songs as a young boy.
In high school he sang on a local radio station; decades later he released an album of traditional gospel songs, called My Mother's Hymn Book. He was also significantly influenced by traditional Irish music that he heard performed weekly by Dennis Day on the Jack Benny radio program.[24][page needed]
Cash enlisted in the United States Air Force on July 7, 1950.[25]
After basic training at Lackland Air Force Base and technical training at Brooks Air Force Base, both in San Antonio, TX, Cash was assigned to a U.S. Air Force Security Service unit, assigned as a Morse Code Intercept Operator for Soviet Army transmissions at Landsberg, Germany "where he created his first band named The Landsberg Barbarians."[26]
He was the first radio operator to pick up the news of the death of Joseph Stalin.[27]
After he was honorably discharged as a Staff Sergeant on July 3, 1954, he returned to Texas.[28]
Marriages and family
On July 18, 1951, while in Air Force training, Cash met 17-year-old Vivian Liberto at a roller skating rink in her native San Antonio.They dated for three weeks, until Cash was deployed to Germany for a three-year tour. During that time, the couple exchanged hundreds of pages of love letters.[29]
On August 7, 1954, one month after his discharge, they were married at St. Anne's Catholic church in San Antonio.
The ceremony was performed by her uncle, Father Vincent Liberto. They had four daughters: Rosanne, Kathy, Cindy and Tara. Cash's drug and alcohol abuse, constant touring, and affairs with other women, and his close relationship with future wife June Carter, led Liberto to file for divorce in 1966.[30]
In 1968, 13 years after they first met backstage at the Grand Ole Opry, Cash proposed to June Carter, an established country singer, during a live performance in London, Ontario,[31] marrying on March 1, 1968, in Franklin, Kentucky.
They had one child together, John Carter Cash (born March 3, 1970). They continued to work together and tour for 35 years, until June Carter died in 2003.
Cash died just four months later. Carter co-wrote one of Cash's biggest hits, "Ring of Fire," with singer Merle Kilgore. She and Cash won two Grammy awards for their duets.
Vivian Liberto claims a different version of the origins of "Ring of Fire" in I Walked the Line: My Life with Johnny, stating that Cash gave Carter the credit for monetary reasons.[32]
Heritage
After meeting with now-dead laird Major Michael Crichton-Stuart of Falkland, Fife, Scotland, Johnny traced the Cash family tree to eleventh-century Fife;[36][page needed][37][38] Cash Loch and other locations in Fife bear the name of his family.[36][page needed]
Cash also had English and Scots-Irish ancestry. Though he did not have Native American ancestry, his empathy and compassion for Native Americans were unabated.
These feelings were expressed in several of his songs, including "Apache Tears" and "The Ballad of Ira Hayes", and on his album, Bitter Tears: Ballads of the American Indian.
Much, much more About Johnny Cash is Located at Wikipedia.org
Source: Wikipedia.org
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