Elvis Aaron Presleya (January 8, 1935 – August 16, 1977) was an American singer and actor. A cultural icon, he is commonly known by the
single name Elvis.
One of the most popular musicians of the 20th century, he is often
referred to as the "King of Rock and Roll" or simply "the King".
Born in
Tupelo, Mississippi, Presley moved to
Memphis, Tennessee, with his family at the age of 13. He began his career there in 1954, working with
Sun Records owner
Sam Phillips, who wanted to bring the sound of
African-American music to a wider audience.
Accompanied by guitarist
Scotty Moore and bassist
Bill Black, Presley was the most important popularizer of
rockabilly, an uptempo,
backbeat-driven fusion of
country and
rhythm and blues.
RCA Victor acquired his contract in a deal arranged by
Colonel Tom Parker, who went on to manage the singer for over two decades. Presley's first RCA single, "
Heartbreak Hotel", released in January 1956, was a number-one hit.
He became the leading figure of the newly popular sound of
rock and roll with a series of network television appearances and chart-topping records. His energized interpretations of songs, many from
African-American
sources, and his uninhibited performance style made him enormously
popular—and controversial. In November 1956, he made his film debut in
Love Me Tender.
Drafted into military service in 1958, Presley relaunched his
recording career two years later with some of his most commercially
successful work. He staged few concerts however, and guided by Parker,
proceeded to devote much of the 1960s to making Hollywood movies and
soundtrack albums, most of them critically derided.
In 1968, after seven
years away from the stage, he returned to live performance in a
celebrated
comeback television special that led to an extended
Las Vegas concert residency and a string of profitable tours. In 1973 Presley staged the first concert broadcast globally via satellite,
Aloha from Hawaii. Prescription drug abuse severely compromised his health, and he died suddenly in 1977 at the age of 42.
Presley is regarded as one of the most important figures of
20th-century popular culture. He had a versatile voice and unusually
wide success encompassing many genres, including country,
pop ballads,
gospel, and
blues. He is
the best-selling solo artist in the history of popular music.
Nominated for 14 competitive
Grammys, he won three, and received the
Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award at age 36. He has been inducted into multiple music
halls of fame.
| Elvis Presley |
|---|
Publicity photo for Jailhouse Rock (1957) |
| Background information |
| Birth name |
Elvis Aaron Presley |
| Born |
January 8, 1935
Tupelo, Mississippi, U.S. |
| Died |
August 16, 1977 (aged 42)
Memphis, Tennessee, U.S. |
| Genres |
Rock and roll, pop, rockabilly, country, blues, gospel, R&B |
| Occupations |
Musician, actor |
| Instruments |
Vocals, guitar, piano |
| Years active |
1953–77 |
| Labels |
Sun, RCA Victor |
| Associated acts |
The Blue Moon Boys, The Jordanaires, The Imperials |
| Website |
elvis.com
Elvis Presley's signature |
Life and career
Early years (1935–53)
Childhood in Tupelo
Presley's birthplace in
Tupelo, Mississippi
Elvis Presley was born on January 8, 1935, in
Tupelo, Mississippi, to 18-year-old Vernon Elvis and 22-year-old Gladys Love Presley, in the two-room
shotgun house
built by his father in readiness for the birth. Jesse Garon Presley,
his identical twin brother, was delivered 35 minutes before him,
stillborn.
As an only child, Presley became close to both parents and
formed an unusually tight bond with his mother. The family attended an
Assembly of God church where he found his initial musical inspiration.
Presley's ancestry was primarily a Western European mix: On his mother's side, he was
Scots-Irish, with some
French Norman; one of Gladys's great-great-grandmothers was
Cherokee.
b
His father's forebears were of
Scottish or
German
origin. Gladys was regarded by relatives and friends as the dominant
member of the small family. Vernon moved from one odd job to the next,
evidencing little ambition.
The family often relied on help from neighbors and government food
assistance.
In 1938, they lost their home after Vernon was found guilty
of altering a check written by the landowner. He was jailed for eight
months, and Gladys and Elvis moved in with relatives.
In September 1941, Presley entered first grade at East Tupelo Consolidated, where his instructors regarded him as "average".
He was encouraged to enter a singing contest after impressing his schoolteacher with a rendition of
Red Foley's
country song "
Old Shep"
during morning prayers. The contest, held at the Mississippi-Alabama
Fair and Dairy Show on October 3, 1945, saw his first public
performance: dressed as a cowboy, the ten-year-old Presley stood on a
chair to reach the microphone and sang "Old Shep". He recalled placing
fifth.
A few months later, Presley received his first guitar for his birthday;
he had hoped for something else—by different accounts, either a bicycle
or a rifle.
Over the following year, he received basic guitar lessons from two of
his uncles and the new pastor at the family's church. Presley recalled,
"I took the guitar, and I watched people, and I learned to play a little
bit. But I would never sing in public. I was very shy about it."
Entering a new school, Milam, for sixth grade in September 1946,
Presley was regarded as a loner. The following year, he began bringing
his guitar in on a daily basis. He played and sang during lunchtime, and
was often teased as a "trashy" kid who played
hillbilly music. The family was by then living in a largely African-American neighborhood.
A devotee of
Mississippi Slim's show on the Tupelo radio station
WELO,
Presley was described as "crazy about music" by Slim's younger brother,
a classmate of Presley's, who often took him in to the station. Slim
supplemented Presley's guitar tuition by demonstrating chord techniques.
When his protégé was 12 years old, Slim scheduled him for two on-air
performances. Presley was overcome by stage fright the first time, but
succeeded in performing the following week.
Health deterioration and death (1973–77)
Medical crises and last studio sessions
Presley's divorce took effect on October 9, 1973. He was now becoming increasingly unwell. Twice during the year he overdosed on
barbiturates,
spending three days in a coma in his hotel suite after the first
incident.
Toward the end of 1973, he was hospitalized, semicomatose from
the effects of
Demerol addiction. According to his main physician, Dr.
George C. Nichopoulos, Presley "felt that by getting [drugs] from a doctor, he wasn't the common everyday junkie getting something off the street." Since his comeback, he had staged more live shows with each passing year, and 1973 saw 168 concerts, his busiest schedule ever.
Despite his failing health, in 1974 he undertook another intensive touring schedule.
Presley's condition declined precipitously in September. Keyboardist
Tony Brown remembers the singer's arrival at a
University of Maryland
concert: "He fell out of the limousine, to his knees. People jumped to
help, and he pushed them away like, 'Don't help me.'
He walked on stage
and held onto the mike for the first thirty minutes like it was a post.
Everybody's looking at each other like, Is the tour gonna happen?"
Guitarist John Wilkinson recalled, "He was all gut. He was slurring. He
was so fucked up. ... It was obvious he was drugged. It was obvious
there was something terribly wrong with his body.
It was so bad the
words to the songs were barely intelligible. ... I remember crying. He
could barely get through the introductions".
Wilkinson recounted that a few nights later in Detroit, "I watched him
in his dressing room, just draped over a chair, unable to move.
So often
I thought, 'Boss, why don't you just cancel this tour and take a year
off...?' I mentioned something once in a guarded moment. He patted me on
the back and said, 'It'll be all right. Don't you worry about it.'" Presley continued to play to sellout crowds. As cultural critic
Marjorie Garber describes, he was now widely seen as a garish pop crooner: "in effect he had become
Liberace. Even his fans were now middle-aged matrons and blue-haired grandmothers."
On July 13, 1976, Vernon Presley—who had become deeply involved in his son's financial affairs—fired "
Memphis Mafia"
bodyguards Red West (Presley's friend since the 1950s), Sonny West, and
David Hebler, citing the need to "cut back on expenses".
Presley was in
Palm Springs
at the time, and some suggest the singer was too cowardly to face the
three himself. Another associate of Presley's, John O'Grady, argued that
the bodyguards were dropped because their rough treatment of fans had
prompted too many lawsuits.
However, Presley's stepbrother David Stanley has claimed that the
bodyguards were fired because they were becoming more outspoken about
Presley's drug dependency. Presley and Linda Thompson split in November, and he took up with a new girlfriend,
Ginger Alden.
He proposed to Alden and gave her an engagement ring two months later,
though several of his friends later claimed that he had no serious
intention of marrying again.
RCA, which had enjoyed a steady stream of product from Presley for
over a decade, grew anxious as his interest in spending time in the
studio waned. After a December 1973 session that produced 18 songs,
enough for almost two albums, he did not enter the studio in 1974.
Parker sold RCA on another concert record,
Elvis: As Recorded Live on Stage in Memphis.
Recorded on March 20, it included a version of "How Great Thou Art"
that would win Presley his third and final competitive Grammy Award.
(All three of his competitive Grammy wins—out of 14 total
nominations—were for gospel recordings.)
Presley returned to the studio
in Hollywood in March 1975, but Parker's attempts to arrange another
session toward the end of the year were unsuccessful. In 1976, RCA sent a mobile studio to Graceland that made possible two full-scale recording sessions at Presley's home. Even in that comfortable context, the recording process was now a struggle for him.
For all the concerns of his label and manager, in studio sessions
between July 1973 and October 1976, Presley recorded virtually the
entire contents of six albums. Though he was no longer a major presence
on the pop charts, five of those albums entered the top five of the
country chart, and three went to number one:
Promised Land (1975),
From Elvis Presley Boulevard, Memphis, Tennessee (1976), and
Moody Blue (1977).
The story was similar with his singles—there were no major pop hits,
but Presley was a significant force in not just the country market, but
on adult contemporary radio as well. Eight studio singles from this
period released during his lifetime were top ten hits on one or both
charts, four in 1974 alone.
"
My Boy" was a number one adult contemporary hit in 1975, and "
Moody Blue" topped the country chart and reached the second spot on the adult contemporary chart in 1976.
Perhaps his most critically acclaimed recording of the era came that
year, with what Greil Marcus described as his "apocalyptic attack" on
the soul classic "Hurt".
"If he felt the way he sounded", Dave Marsh wrote of Presley's
performance, "the wonder isn't that he had only a year left to live but
that he managed to survive that long."
Final year and death
Journalist Tony Scherman writes that by early 1977, "Elvis Presley
had become a grotesque caricature of his sleek, energetic former self.
Hugely overweight, his mind dulled by the pharmacopoeia he daily
ingested, he was barely able to pull himself through his abbreviated
concerts."
In
Alexandria, Louisiana, the singer was on stage for less than an hour and "was impossible to understand". Presley failed to appear in
Baton Rouge; he was unable to get out of his hotel bed, and the rest of the tour was cancelled.
Despite the accelerating deterioration of his health, he stuck to most touring commitments. In
Rapid City, South Dakota,
"he was so nervous on stage that he could hardly talk", according to
Presley historian Samuel Roy, and unable to "perform any significant
movement."
Guralnick relates that fans "were becoming increasingly voluble about
their disappointment, but it all seemed to go right past Elvis, whose
world was now confined almost entirely to his room and his
spiritualism books."
A cousin, Billy Smith, recalled how Presley would sit in his room and chat for hours, sometimes recounting favorite
Monty Python sketches and his own past escapades, but more often gripped by paranoid obsessions that reminded Smith of
Howard Hughes.
"
Way Down", Presley's last single issued during his lifetime, came out on June 6. His final concert was held in
Indianapolis at
Market Square Arena, on June 26.
The book
Elvis: What Happened?, cowritten by the three bodyguards fired the previous year, was published on August 1.
It was the first exposé to detail Presley's years of drug misuse. He
was devastated by the book and tried unsuccessfully to halt its release
by offering money to the publishers. By this point, he suffered from multiple ailments: glaucoma, high blood pressure, liver damage, and an
enlarged colon, each aggravated—and possibly caused—by drug abuse.
Presley was scheduled to fly out of Memphis on the evening of August
16, 1977, to begin another tour. That afternoon, Alden discovered him
unresponsive on his bathroom floor. Attempts to revive him failed, and
death was officially pronounced at 3:30 pm at Baptist Memorial Hospital.
President
Jimmy Carter issued a statement that credited Presley with having "permanently changed the face of American popular culture".
Thousands of people gathered outside Graceland to view the open casket.
One of Presley's cousins, Billy Mann, accepted $18,000 to secretly
photograph the corpse; the picture appeared on the cover of the
National Enquirer's biggest-selling issue ever.
Alden struck a $105,000 deal with the
Enquirer for her story, but settled for less when she broke her exclusivity agreement. Presley left her nothing in his will.
Presley's funeral was held at Graceland, on Thursday, August 18.
Outside the gates, a car plowed into a group of fans, killing two women
and critically injuring a third.
Approximately 80,000 people lined the processional route to Forest Hill Cemetery, where Presley was buried next to his mother. Within a few days, "Way Down" topped the country and UK pop charts.
Following an attempt to steal the singer's body in late August, the
remains of both Elvis Presley and his mother were reburied in
Graceland's Meditation Garden on October 2.
Since his death, there have been numerous alleged sightings of Elvis.
A long-standing theory among some fans is that he faked his death.
[260][261]
Fans have noted alleged discrepancies in the death certificate, reports
of a wax dummy in his original coffin and numerous accounts of Presley
planning a diversion so he could retire in peace.
[262]
Source: Wikipedia
TTFN
CYA Later Taters
Thanks for watching.
Donnie/ Sinbad the Sailor Man
